Guide to the Communist Party of the United States of America Records, 1892-2009

Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)

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The Committee for Industrial Organization was formed by the presidents of eight international unions in 1935. The presidents of these unions were dissatisfied with the American Federation of Labor's unwillingness to commit itself to a program of organizing industrial unions. In 1936, the A.F. of L. suspended the ten unions which proceeded to organize an independent federation, the Congress of Industrial Organizations. The CIO subsequently became the A.F. of L.'s chief rival for the leadership of...

Davis, Angela Y. (Angela Yvonne), 1944-

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Activist, author, and professor, Angela Davis was born in Birmingham, Alabama, on January 26, 1944, the daughter of two teachers. Active at an early age in the Black Panthers and the Communist Party, Davis also formed an interracial study group and volunteered for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee while still in high school. At fifteen, after earning a scholarship, Davis traveled to New York to complete high school. In 1960, Davis traveled to Germany to study for two years, and then ...

Black Panther Party

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The Black Panther Party was founded in October 1966 by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale as an organization dedicated to protecting and uplifting the Black population of Oakland. As the organization grew this focus spread to the rest of the United States and even abroad. The armed militancy and Marxist rhetoric employed by the Black Panthers, along with their philosophy of Black self-government caught the attention of both local law enforcement authorities and the FBI. As a result, many in the Pant...

International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union

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The ILGWU Archives were established in 1973 and transferred to the Kheel Center in 1987. From the description of ILGWU. Charles Zimmerman Collection of Radical Pamphlets, 1898-1978. (Cornell University Library). WorldCat record id: 748341343 The Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America, the most significant union representing workers in the men's clothing industry, was founded in New York City in 1914 as a breakaway movement from the United Garment Workers. Radic...

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

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Organizational History and List of Officers Organizational History 1909 Issued the “Call,” a statement calling for a conference to protest discrimination and violence against African Americans Convened the National Negro Conference on May 31 and June 1, New York, N.Y. E...

Communist Party of the United States of America

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The Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA), a Marxist-Leninist party aligned with the Soviet Union, was founded in 1919 in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution by the left wing members of the Socialist Party USA. These split into two groups, with each holding founding conventions in Chicago in September 1919: one which established the Communist Labor Party, and a second which established the Communist Party of America. In a 1920 Joint Unity Convention, a minority faction of t...

United States. Subversive Activities Control Board

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The United States Subversive Activities Control Board was created in 1950 in conjunction with enactment of the Internal Security Act of 1950. This act, known as the McCarran Act after its author Senator Pat McCarran, did not outlaw the Communist Party but sought to secure its control through regulation (or perhaps more likely, its dissolution rather than submit to such control). It required registration with the United States government of domestic "communist-action organizations" (defined as or...

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities (1934-1975)

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From 1934 to 1937 The U.S. House Committee on Un-American Activities began as the Special Committee on Un-American Activities and was also known as the McCormack-Dickstein Committee. The Dies Committee, was created on May 26, 1938, with the approval of House Resolution 282, which authorized the Speaker of the House to appoint a special committee of seven members to investigate un-American activities in the United States, domestic diffusion of propaganda, and all other questions relating thereto...

Robeson, Paul, 1898-1976

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Born in Princeton, New Jersey, on April 9, 1898, Paul Robeson was a multitalented man whose artistic and political career spanned over four decades, from the 1920s to the 1960s. Known worldwide during the 1930s and 1940s, he fell from prominence in the 1960s because of the political controversy that surrounded him during the McCarthy era. Robeson was a talented dramatic actor whose performance of Othello in this country in 1943-44 once held the record for the ...

Debs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor), 1855-1926

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Eugene Victor "Gene" Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. Through his presidential candidacies as well as his work with labor movements, Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States. Early in his political career, Debs...

Hoover, J.Edgar (John Edgar), 1895-1972

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Director of the FBI. From the description of Typed letter signed : Washington, D.C., to Arthur William Brown, 1941 Sept. 12. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 269555861 John Edgar Hoover (1895-1972) served from 1924 to 1972 as the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). As its first director, Hoover molded the FBI into his image of a modern police force. He promoted scientific investigation of crime, the collection and analysis of fingerprints and the hiring and ...

Ruthenberg, Charles E. (Charles Emil), 1882-1927

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Winterton, Paul, 1908-2001

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English author and journalist; best known under pseudonym Andrew Garve; also writes under names Roger Bax and Paul Somers; d. 2001. From the description of Paul Winterton collection, 1972. (Boston University). WorldCat record id: 70969556 Carl Winter (1906-1991) and Helen Winter (1908-2001) were Communist Party USA activists and officials. Beginning in 1936, Carl Winter held leading posts in the CPUSA in Ohio, Minnesota and California. From 1945 until the mid-19...

Brandt, Joseph, 1909-1997

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Joe Brandt (1909-1997) fought in the Spanish Civil War as a member of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade during 1937 and 1938. He was a dedicated member of the Communist Party throughout his life, joining the Young Communist League in 1926, working as an organizer in the 1930s, and later serving as a longtime member of the CPUSA national committee. He kept a number of scrapbooks in which he collected a broad range of materials relating to the Spanish Civil War, and especially American participation in ...

Mitchell, Charlene, 1930-

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Young Workers Liberation League

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Committees of Correspondence (U.S.)

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The late 1980s and early 1990s saw, within the Communist Party of the USA (aka CP or CPUSA), the growth of an informal dissident "Gorbachevite" current, centered around the respected veteran communist and former leading CP official, Gil Green (1906-1997). Prepatory to the CP’s November 1991 national convention in Cleveland, this group coalesced under the name "Initiative" to dispute the policies and leadership of CP head Gus Hall. After their defeat, which included an acrimonious credentials str...

Licht, Mary

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Marx, Karl, 1818-1883

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Author and philosopher. From the description of Letter of Karl Marx, 1873. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 79454371 Born 1818 in Trier, Prussia; studied at the University of Bonn, 1835-1836, and the University of Berlin, 1836-1841; contributor to and editor of the Cologne liberal democratic newspaper, the Rheinische Zeitung , 1842; following marriage to Jenny von Westphalen, moved to Paris, where he became a revolutionary and communist; co-editor, with Arnold Ruge, of a new r...

North, Joseph.

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Bridges, Harry, 1901-1990

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Harry Renton Bridges, also known as Alfred Renton Byrant Bridges, came to the United States in 1920 from Australia where he had been a seaman and involved in union activities. Bridges continued to be active on the docks in fighting for labor rights and was instrumental in getting the International Longshore Association (ILA), an affiliate of the AF of L, recognized as the bargaining unit for the entire Pacific coast. He became president of ILA Local 34-36 and in 1936 its Pacific Coast preside...

Winston, Henry, 1911-1986

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Minor, Robert, 1884-1952

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American writer, editor, artist, and illustrator; artist for The masses. Active in the Communist Party from 1919. From the description of Letter, 1923 Nov. 30, Chicago, to Art Young, New York. (University of Michigan). WorldCat record id: 34364246 Journalist, cartoonist. Minor was one of the founders of the Communist movement in the United States. From the description of Rober Minor papers, 1907-1952. (Columbia University In the City of N...

Bittelman, Alex, 1890-1982

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Alexander Bittelman was a Communist activist and theoretician. From the description of Things I have learned, Autobiographical typescript, 1963. (New York University). WorldCat record id: 478730895 Alex Bittelman, communist activist and theoretician, was one of the founders of the Jewish communist movement in the United States. Born in the Ukraine, Bittelman was active in the Jewish Bund before emigrating to the U.S. in 1912, where he joined the Socialist Party. In 1919 he h...

Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 1870-1924

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Biographical/Historical Note Russian revolutionary leader; premier of Russia, 1917-1924. From the guide to the Vladimir Il'ich Lenin miscellaneous speeches and writings, 1903-1940, (Hoover Institution Archives) ...

American Civil Liberties Union

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Founded in 1920 in New York City by Roger Baldwin and others; the ACLU was an outgrowth of the American Union Against Militarism's National Civil Liberties Bureau, which in 1920 changed its name to the American Civil Liberties Union. From the description of Collection, 1917- (Swarthmore College, Peace Collection). WorldCat record id: 42740878 The Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP) located in Richmond is affiliated with the American Civil Liberties Union. The project deal...

People's weekly world (New York, N.Y.).

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Patterson, William L. (William Lorenzo), 1890-1980

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Noted political activist, lawyer, orator, organizer, writer, and Communist from San Franicsco, Calif.; also known as "Mr. Civil Rights." He also lived in New York from the mid-1950s to 1979. From the description of William Lorenzo Patterson papers, 1919-1979 (bulk, mid-1950s-1979). (Moorland-Spingarn Resource Center). WorldCat record id: 729372659 ...

Stalin, Joseph, 1879-1953

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Political leader of the Soviet Union. From the description of Statement of Joseph Stalin, 1925. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 748677730 ...

Communist International

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Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley, 1890-1964

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Elizabeth Gurley Flynn was an agitator and organizer for the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and a Communist Party (CP) official. Flynn was an organizer in major strikes in Lawrence, Massachusetts and Paterson and Passaic, New Jersey. She saw labor court trials as important extensions of organizing, and participated in trials in Missoula, Montana (1908), and Spokane, Washington (1909-1910). As part of her defense work she created the Workers’ Defense League, an organization to fight for th...

Bloor, Ella Reeve, 1862-1951

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Radical, labor organizer, socialist, and communist; b. Ella Reeve; married 1st: Lucien Ware; 2nd: Louis Cohen; and 3rd: Andrew Omholt; also known as "Mother Bloor", of Arden, Del. From the description of Papers, 1890-1973. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 122404940 "Mother Bloor [Ella Reeve Bloor] speaking at a picnic in Akron, Ohio, 1942" Ella Reeve Bloor, popularly known as "Mother Bloor," was noted for her energetic organizing work on behalf of lab...

Aptheker, Herbert, 1915-2003

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American Marxist author, lecturer, and apologist. From the guide to the Herbert Aptheker letter to Mrs. Doares, 1970, (The New York Public Library. New York Public Library Archives.) Noted Marxist scholar Dr. Herbert Aptheker was born in New York City in 1915. His more than thirty published books include such titles as THE ERA OF McCARTHYISM (1957), THE WORLD OF C. WRIGHT MILLS (1960), THE URGENCY OF MARXIST-CHRISTIAN DIALOGUE (1970), but he is best known for hi...

W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America

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Frankfeld, Philip

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National Lawyers Guild

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The National Lawyers Guild (NLG) was founded in 1937 as an association of progressive lawyers and jurists who believed that lawyers had a major role to play in reconstructing legal values by emphasizing human rights over property rights. From its inception, the Guild welcomed into its ranks all members of the profession without regard to race, gender or ethnic identity; it was the first national legal professional association to do so. Since its founding, the Guild has been instrumental in leadi...

Vilnis.

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Meyers, George A.

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Socialist Party (U.S.)

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The Socialist Party (U.S.) was founded in 1901, bringing together moderate socialists from the Social Democratic Party, and dissident members of the Socialist Labor Party. In 1936 the ongoing differences between the “Old Guard” and “Militant” factions, resulted in a split, with the Militant group retaining the SP name and much of the membership, while the Old Guard faction retained most of the organizational and financial assets. From the guide to the Socialist Party (U.S.) Minutes, ...

Foster, William Z., 1881-1961

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Chairman, United States Communist Party. From the description of Papers, 1922-1961. (Washington State University). WorldCat record id: 29853708 ...

Perry, Pettis.

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Pettis Perry, Communist Party official and Smith Act defendant, was born January 4, 1897 in Marion, Alabama, the son of tenant farmers. Following his mother's death when he was four months old, he was raised by an aunt and uncle on their farm. His formal schooling totalled fifteen months. At age seventeen, Perry left home for a series of jobs at a plantation, lumber company, and pipe foundry. The discrimination and violence he witnessed in Alabama had a deep impact on hi...

Political Affairs Magazine (New York, NY).

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Davidow, Mike

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Andrews, Bill, 1937-

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Bill Andrews, born William Grant Andrews on June 2, 1937 in Tucson, Arizona, is a graphic artist, photographer and journalist. Raised in a working class family, Andrews began drawing at an early age, copying popular comic strip characters and inventing his own while still in middle school. After graduating from high school in 1955, he worked as a copy editor, writer, photographer and staff cartoonist at the Arizona Republic in Phoenix. During this time, he became politic...

Young Communist League of the U.S.

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Dennis, Eugene, 1905-1961

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Perlo, Victor

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Communist Party of the United States of America (New York)

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Thompson, Robert George, 1915-1966

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Robert George Thompson (1915-1966) fought in WWII and won the Distinguished Service Cross - the nation's second highest military award - for "extraordinary heroism." He was also a veteran of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. Thompson was a leading spokesman for the New York State Communist Party and was convicted in 1949 of conspiring to teach or advocate the overthrow of the Government by force. After his death in 1966, his widow, Sylvia Hall Thompson, asked that he be buried in Arlington National C...

Gerson, Simon W.

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Simon W. (Si) Gerson, 1909-2004, was the longtime New York State, and later national legislative/political action director for the Communist Party, and was an advocate of proportional representation and ballot access for minor political parties, including in the 1980s-90s as a leader of the Coalition for Free and Open Elections (COFOE). He served as Confidential Examiner to Manhattan Borough President Stanley M. Isaacs, 1938-40, until controversy over his Party membership caused him to resign th...

Schneiderman, William

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Browder, Earl, 1891-1973

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Earl Russell Browder (1891-1973) was General Secretary of the Communist party of the United States during the height of its popularity, in the 1930s and 1940s and twice represented the Party as its candidate for President. Earl Browder was born on May 20, 1891, in Wichita, Kansas. He was the son of William Browder and Martha Jane Hankins Browder. His father was a teacher and farmer who was avidly Populist. Earl Browder had little formal education and went to work to help support the family. At t...

Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade

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VALB was formed in December 1937 by U.S. volunteers returning from combat in the Spanish Civil War. VALB originally assisted wounded veterans and sought to awaken the U.S. public to the significance of the Spanish Civil War and the Loyalist cause. In later years, VALB began to address other political issues, including U.S. policy in World War II and later, Cuba, Nicaragua and Vietnam. In addition to their headquarters in New York City, VALB "Posts" developed in various cities including Los Angel...

Ford, James W., 1893-1957

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James W. “Jim” Ford (December 22, 1893 – 1957) was an activist and politician, the Vice-Presidential candidate for the Communist Party USA in 1932, 1936, and 1940. A party organizer born in Alabama and living in New York City, Ford was the first African American to run on a presidential ticket in the 20th century....

Lumer, Hyman

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Gates, John, 1913-1992

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American Federation of Labor

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Labor organization. From the description of American Federation of Labor records, 1883-1925. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 70980267 ...

Shields, Art, 1888-

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Bussi de Allende, Hortensia

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Jefferson School of Social Science (New York, N.Y.)

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The Jefferson School of Social Science (1943-1956) was a Marxist adult education institute in New York City. Like its predecessor, the Workers School (1923-1943), it was associated with the Communist Party, USA. The school occupied a nine story building at 575 Sixth Avenue, offered hundreds of courses to as many as 5000 students each term, and published course-related pamphlets. Librarian Henry Black accumulated a 30,000 volume library, and compiled course-related bibliographies. Among the facul...

United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation

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The FBI established this classification when it assumed responsibility for ascertaining the protection capabilities and weaknesses of defense plants. Each plant survey was a separate case file, with the survey, supplemental surveys, and all communications dealing with a plant insofar as plant protection was concerned, filed together. On June 1, 1941, and January 5, 1942, the Navy and Army, respectively, assumed responsibility for surveying defense plants in which they had interests. Thereafter, ...

People's Daily World (New York, N.Y.).

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Tyner, Jarvis

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United States. Internal Security Act of 1950.

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Communist Party of the United States of America (Calif.)

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McCarthy, Joseph, 1908-1957

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Du Bois, W. E. B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963

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W. E. B. Du Bois was an American sociologist, socialist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, writer and editor. Educated at Fisk University, he did graduate work at the University of Berlin and Harvard, where he was the first African American to earn a doctorate. Du Bois became a professor of history, sociology and economics at Atlanta University. Due to his contributions in the African-American community he was seen as a member of a Black elite that supported some aspects ...

Civil Rights Congress (U.S.)

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National organization established in 1946 to, among other things, "combat all forms of discrimination against ... labor, the Negro people and the Jewish people, and racial, political, religious, and national minorities." The organization folded in 1955 under pressure from the United States Attorney-General and the House Un-American Activities Committee, which accused the organization of being subversive. From the description of Civil Rights Congress records, 1946-1955. (Unknown). Wor...

Winter, Carl, 1906-1991

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Carl Winter (1906-1991) and Helen Winter (1908-2001) were Communist Party USA activists and officials. Beginning in 1936, Carl Winter held leading posts in the CPUSA in Ohio, Minnesota and California. From 1945 until the mid-1960s, he was Chairman and District Organizer, and Helen Winter was Secretary, of the Communist Party of Michigan. During the McCarthy era, their positions in the CPUSA led to their arrests and indictments, and Carl Winter’s imprisonment for three and a half yea...

Green, Gil, 1906-1997

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Gil Green (1906-1997), born Gilbert Greenberg in Chicago, the son of Russian-Jewish immigrants, was a Communist youth leader in the 1930s, a member of the Communist Party's Politburo, a Smith Act defendant, and the chief (albeit unofficial) figure of a reformist current in the CPUSA through 1991. He joined the Young Workers League (later the Young Communist League) in 1924, and shortly thereafter, the CPUSA, and in 1932 became national secretary of the YCL, a position he held throughout the deca...

Reference Center for Marxist Studies

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The Reference Center for Marxist Studies was the library for the Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA). Holdings include nearly every pamphlet published by the CPUSA as well as those published by European and Latin American parties. Within the collection's broad scope are such subjects as Communist Party activities in the 1910s and 1920s, the Spanish Civil War, labor, peace, civil rights movements, and the struggle against McCarthyism. The Communist Par...

International Publishers

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Diskin, Lou

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Trachtenberg, Alexander, 1884-1966

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West, James, 1914-2005

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Albertson, William, 1910-

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Daily World (New York, N.Y.).

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Weinstone, William W. (William Wolf), 1897-1985

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Founder of the Communist Party of the United States of America. From the description of William W. Weinstone papers, 1898-1985 (bulk 1937-1985). (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 70983834 Biographical Note 1897, Dec. 15 Born, Vilnius, Lithuania 1898 Immigrated to United States ...

Bechetti, Arnold

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Hall, Gus

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Davis, Benjamin J. (Benjamin Jefferson), 1903-1964

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A prominent black attorney, Davis graduated from Amherst College in 1925, graduated from Harvard Law School in 1929, and returned to Georgia to practice law. He gained notoriety for his defense of Angelo Herndon in 1933 who had been accused of insurrection. Davis became actively involved with the Communist Party and moved to New York City in 1935 to edit the Daily Worker. In 1948, he was arrested under the Smith Act and received a five-year sentence. He was arrested again in 1962 for his partici...

Daily Worker (New York)

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